The IL-1 family is comprised of 11 structurally related ligands, including recently re-named IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), beta (IL-1F8) and gamma (IL-1F9). IL-36beta is highly expressed in psoriatic plaques, and at lower levels in various other tissues. IL-36beta signals through the IL-1Rrp2 (IL-1R6) receptor, which is primarily expressed on certain dendritic cells. The interaction of the IL-1Rrp2 receptor with IL-36 ligands induces dendritic cell maturation and activation. IL-36beta also functions as an agonist of NF-kappaB, and stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory proteins, including IL-6, IL-8, BD-2, and BD-3. Recombinant Human IL-36beta is a 17.3 kDa protein containing 154 amino acid residues.